General Medicine Internship OSCEs and workflow done during internship rotation!

 


 I AM P HRUDAII , 2018 batch INTERN.

I THANK DR. RAKESH BISWAS SIR HOD  

This is a compailation of work blogs and PAJR created during my medicine rotation!

This is an online E log book to discuss our patient's de-identified health data shared after taking his/her/guardian's signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patient's problems through series of inputs from global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patient's clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs. 


This E log book also reflects my patient-centred online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on the comment box is welcome."I've been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of "patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan.

 

PSYCIYATRY:

CASE 1 :

 A 40 Y OLD FEMALE CAME TO THE OPD WITH C/O OF LOW MOOD GETTING TRIED EASILY SUCIDAL IDEASDISTRUBED SLEEP REDUCED CONCENTRATION AND ATTENSION SINCE 6 MONTH 

THINKING ABOUT BROTHER AND SISTER WHO PASSED WAAY 10 YR AGO BUT SUDDENLY THINKING ABOUT THEM 

H/O OF SUCIDAL ATTEMPTS IN SECOUND DEGREE RELATIVE 

AND CONSULLTED PSYCHIATRIST 4 MONTHS AGO AND SHE IS ON 

TAB ESCITALOPRAM 5MG 

TAB CLONAZEPAM 0.25MG

 TAB FLUPENTHIXOL 0.5 MG 

TAB MELITRANCEN 10MG

 TAB MODAFIMIL 100MG SINCE 2 MONTHS AND SHE IS USING IT IRREGULARLY AND NO IMPROVEMENT 

H/O FEAR EPISODES WITH PALPITATIONS SOB CHEST TIGHTENESS TREMORS SWEATING OF HANDS SINCE 2 MONTH INCREASED SINCE 1 MONTH 

MSE 

THOUGHT - PREOCCUPIED ABOUT PHYSICAL HEALTH 

PAST H/O : H/O OF EPISODES OF SAYING SOMEONE IS TALKING TO HER AND SOME ONE IS COMING INSIDE HER AND THIS SYMPTOMES WOULD OCCUR ONLY AT NIGHT RESOLVED WITH IN A WEEK 

IMPRESSION : MODERATE DEPRESSION WITH ANXITY SYMPTOMES 

RX 

PATIENT IS EDUCATED 

BREIF COUNSILLING IS DONE  

TAB ESCITALOPRAM 5MG +TAB CLONAZEPAM 0.25MG

TAB CLONAZEPAM 0.25MG PO/SOS 

TAB LITHIUM 400 MG 

 

 

CASE 2 :

A 20yr old male came with complaints of visual and auditory hallucinations since 5yrs.

Loss of interest in doing activities,suicidal thoughts, trust issues,

,H/o alcohol and smoking consumption to overcome stress

IMPRESSION :  Schizophrenia 

Rx :

Tab.Olimelt 2.5mg

Tab.suprabenz plus 10 mg

Divaa 500 oral solution

Carbloom

FOLLOW UP 

After taking medications his hallucinations were improved

And stopped consuming alcohol and smoking 

 

ICU AND NEPHRO :

CASE 1 :

Chief Complaints -
60 year old female presented with complaints of ulcer over the left since 1 month.

History of Present Illness -

Patient was apparently alright 1.5 month ago when she developed blisters over left leg and foot which progressed to form a necrotic ulcer over the left leg.
She has associated loss of appetite and generalized weakness since 1 month.
It is associated with pain and intermittent fever. It is also associate with discharge.
No history of trauma.
No history of similar complaints in the past.

CASE BLOG LINK 

https://www.blogger.com/u/2/blog/post/edit/9208620859043147249/6270597389493190231?hl=en

PAJaR LINK : 


https://chat.whatsapp.com/CXQAH5C8gCb8K0Chom97YE

OSCE QUESTION :

WHAT ARE THE DRUGS CAUSING HYPOGLYCEMIA ? 

 

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN ADULTS ?

First, pursue clinical clues to potential hypoglycemic etiologies—drugs, critical illnesses, hormone deficiencies, nonislet cell tumors. In the absence of these causes, the differential diagnosis narrows to accidental, surreptitious, or even malicious hypoglycemia or endogenous hyperinsulinism. In patients suspected of having endogenous hyperinsulinism, measure plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, and circulating oral hypoglycemic agents during an episode of hypoglycemia and measure insulin antibodies."

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/94/3/709/2596247

DOES SEPSIS CAUSE  HYPOGLYCEMIA ?

Hypoglycemia has rarely been described as a clinical sign of severe bacterial sepsis. We recently encountered nine patients in whom hypoglycemia (mean serum glucose of 22 mg/dl) was associated with overwhelming sepsis. Clinical disease in these patients included pneumonia and cellulitis; in three patients, no focus of infection was apparent. Altered mental status, metabolic acidosis, leukopenia, abnormal clotting studies and bacteremia were common features in these cases. In four patients, no cause for hypoglycemia other than sepsis was present. In five patients, another possible metabolic cause for hypoglycemia was present (alcoholism in four and chronic renal insufficiency in one) although none had been observed to be hypoglycemic on previous hospitalizations. Streptococcus pneumoniae (three cases) and Hemophilus influenzae, type b, (two cases) were the most common pathogens, and the over-all mortality was 67 per cent. The mechanism(s) for hypoglycemia with sepsis is not well defined. Depleted glycogen stores, impaired gluconeogenesis and increased peripheral glucose utilization may all be contributing factors. Incubation of bacteria in fresh blood at room temperature does not increase the normal rate of breakdown of glucose suggesting that the hypoglycemia occurs in vivo. Hypoglycemia is an important sign of overwhelming sepsis that may be more common than has previously been recognized. 

study : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8785236/

 

 

CASE 2 :

 PATIENT WAS APPARENTLY ASYMPTOMATIC YESTERDAY SHE GRADUALLY DEVELOPED ALTERED SENSORIUM SINCE MORNING AND NOT PASSING URINE SINCE MORNING.

 

NO H/O FEVER, COUGH, COLD, VOMITING. DIARRHOEA, SEIZURES.

PAST HISTORY: K/C/O DM, HTN ON MEDICATION.

NO H/O TB, ASTHMA, EPILEPSY.

SIGNS OF PALLOR PRESENT

SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION

CVS S1 , S2 + , NO MURMURS

RS BAE + , NVBS

P/A SOFT , NON TENDER ,NO ORGANOMEGALY

CNS:

1. HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTION

MEMORY-

IMMEDIATE: NO

IMPLICE: NO

LONG TERM MEMORY: NO

2. GCS:

EYE RESPONSE

EYE OPENING- SPONTANEOUS- 4

MOTOR RESPONSE: OBEY COMMANDS- 6

VERBAL RESPONSE: ORIENTED- 5

TOTAL SCORE- 15

3. NECK RIGIDITY:

BRUDZISKI SIGN- NO

KERNIG SIGN- NO

4. CRANIAL NERVES: ALL CRANIAL NERVES INTACT

                   RIGHT                 LEFT

BULK: UL        N                         N

          LL        N                         N

TONE: UL        N                         N

          LL        N                         N

POWER:UL      4/5                     4/5

           LL       4/5                      4/5

REFLEXES:      RIGHT                 LEFT

          B          +                         +

          T          -                          -

          S          -                          -

          K       NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

          A       NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

  PLANTAR    EXTENSION             FLEXION

 SENSORY:  

FINE TOUCH: +                             +

   CRUDE:      +                            +

PRESSURE:     +                            +

PAIN:            INCREASED             INCREASED

VIBRATION:    +                            +

2 POINT DISCRIMINATION- NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

JOINT POSITION-NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

STEROGNOSIS-NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

COORDINATION:

1)FINGER NOSE-NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

2)KNEE HEAL-NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

3)DYSDIDOKOKINESIS:NOT ABLE TO ELICIT

JOINT-LOCAL RISE OF TEMPERATURE +

INCREASED PAIN SENSITIVITY BELOW THE HIP

INCREASING FROM HIP TO TOE IN SENSITIVITY

 

 





 

 CASE BLOG LINK


OSCE QUATIONS :

WHAT IS  of DRUG INDUSED leukocytoclastic vasculitis ?




 STUDY LINK :

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/333891-clinical?form=fpf


NEHRO : 

1 Learned about dialysis process  and dialysis machine 

 


https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/14618-dialysis


2  assisted in central line 




 


ON UNIT MONTH :  

CASE 3 :

C/o. Shotrness of breath 1 week

Cough 1week 

Bl .pedal edema 1 week.

 


 

 




CASE BLOG LINK 

 
CASE PAJaR  :

https://chat.whatsapp.com/DHs0e7ogFxjBQspjX4aCVX 

 

OSCE QUESTION :

1 How would you differentiate if this patient's pulmonary edema is cardiogenic or non cardiogenic?

 
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema shows the classic “batwing” pattern of pulmonary opacities radiating centrifugally from the hila with air bronchogram. and cardiomegaly is also not seen

LINK :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408723/#:~:text=Noncardiogenic%20pulmonary%20edema%20is%20caused,to%20elevated%20pulmonary%20venous%20pressure


 

CASE 4 :

Fever since 3 days and 

Body pain since 3 days , 

Sob since 1 day  GRADE II

c/o FEVER SINCE 3 DAYS
C/O BODY PAINS SINCE 3 DAYS
C/O SOB SINCE 1 DAY
PATIENT WAS APPARENTLY ASYMPTOMATIC 3 DAYS AGO THEN HE DEVELOPED FEVER
SINCE 3 DAYS HIGH GRADE FEVER CHILLS+ CONTINOUS TYPE INSIDIOUS ONSET
GRADUALLY PROGRESSIVE NO AGGREVATING AND RELIEVING FACTORS ASSOCIATE WITH
BODY PAINS AND GENERALISED WEAKNESS ASSOCIATED WITH SHORTNESS OF BREATH
SINCE 1 DAY GRADE II NO H/O COUGH NO H/O CHEST PAIN PALPITATIONS
OUTSIDE REPORTS PLATELETS 13000

 

 


 

 

CASE BLOG LINK 

 
PAJaR LINK : 
 

 

CASE 5:

A 44 YROLD MALE CAME TO OPD WITH 

COMPLAINTS OF B/L PEDAL OEDEMA  SINCE 6 MONTHS,

ABDOMINAL DISTENTION SINCE 6 MONTHS COUGH WITH OUT EXPECTORIATION SINCE 4 DAYS

PERSONAL HISTORY OCCUPATION AUTO DRIVER

ALCOHOL INTAKE DAILY SINCE 20 YRS 750 ML PER DAY

CIGERETE SMOKING SINCE 15 YR




 


 

CASE BLOG LINK : 

 
 
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HIGH AND LOW SAAG
 
 
CASE 6 :

DAILY DIABETIC UPDATE  OF PATIENT 
 
DAILY ACTIVITES :
 
 
PAJaR LINK :
 


CASE 7: 

A 14 YR OLD PATIENT CAM TO THE OPD WITH THE CHIEF COMPLAINTS OF 

C/O. SHORTNESS OF BREATH SINCE 1 MONTH 

        CHEST PAIN SINCE 1 MONTH 


                    2d echo video : https://youtube.com/shorts/NsCPJIgtTJs?feature=share

 

BLOG LINK : 

 
 
 
 
CASE 8: 
 
DEVIATION OF MOUTH AN WEAKNESS IN BOTH LEFT UPPER AND LOWER LIMB

C/O

 Deviation of mouth to right side

 - Weakness of Left Upper Limb .and left lower limb

History of present illness: 

He  was apparently asymptomatic yesterday. Then as he was coming out of  room he was unable to use left upper limb followed by which she developed deviation of mouth to the right side. It was associated with drooling of saliva from the right angle of mouth.. He was having sulring of speech .

- No c/o headache.

- No c/o nausea.

- No c/o fever.

- No c/o vomitings.

Past history:no similar complaints in the past




Deviation of mouth to right side.

Nasolabial fold on left side absent

No palor , icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, Edema.

CNS:

GCS- E4V5M6

EOM- Full

Pupils- B/L dilated, reacting to light 

Higher mental functions intact.

Sensory examination was normal 

MOTOR SYSTEM:

Tone-. Rt.                                  Lt.

          UL N                               N

          LL. N                              N

Power-

          UL 5/5                            1/5

          LL 5/5                            1/5

Reflexes-  LINK  https://youtu.be/AO7nDk1G_nM

                 R.                            L

          B-   ++                            ++

          T -  ++                            +

          S-   +                          absent

          K-  ++                           +

          A-  +                             +

    

Provisional diagnosis-

CVA WITH LEFT HEMIPARESIS WITH ACUTE INFARCT IN THE  .

RIGHT CORONA RADIATA EXTEDING TOWARDS RIGHT TEMPORAL LOBE 

 

CASE BLOG LINK :
 
 
 
CASE 9: 
 

C/O  FEVER SINCE 6 DAYS 
PATIENT WAS APPRENTLY ASSYMPTOMATIC 6 DAYS BACK THEN SHE DEVELOPED FEVR , HIGH GRADE INTERMITTANT TYPE ASSOCIATED WITH CHILLS AND RIGORS RELIVED TEMPOARARILY ON MEDICATION NO DIURNAL VARIATION 

 SINCE 2 DAYS ASSOCIATED WITH BODY PAINS 

NOT ASSOCIATED WITH COLD COUGH VOMITING 


CASE BLOG LINK :
 
 
 
 QUESTION :
 
WHAT IS THE SENSITIVITY OF IGM AND NS1 IN DIAGNOSISNG DENGUE FEVER  ?
 
A commercial Dengue Duo rapid test kit was evaluated for early dengue diagnosis by detection of dengue virus NS1 antigen and immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG antibodies. A total of 420 patient serum samples were subjected to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in-house IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemagglutination inhibition assay, and the SD Dengue Duo rapid test. Of the 320 dengue acute and convalescent sera, dengue infection was detected by either serology or RT-PCR in 300 samples (93.75%), as compared with 289 samples (90.31%) in the combined SD Duo NS1/IgM. The NS1 detection rate is inversely proportional, whereas the IgM detection rate is directly proportional to the presence of IgG antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing acute dengue infection in the SD Duo NS1/IgM were 88.65% and 98.75%, respectively. The assay is sensitive and highly specific. Detection of both NS1 and IgM by SD Duo gave comparable detection rate by either serology or RT-PCR.


WHAT IS THE DEFFERENT LABORATORY METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS DENGUE FEVER ?


https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5691225/


CASE 10:
 

A 40 yr old came to the causality with complaints of. 

fever since 10 days 

cough since 3 days

shortness of breath since 3 days 

PAST HISTORY :  

                                                 EVENTS

10 yr back he had an attack of fits and he went tto doctor he prescribed medication 

                                                         |

5 yr back he again got an attack of episode of fits

                                                          |

3 days back he had a fever then he developed sob and cough . yeaterday he went to the suryapet hospital and there HE HAD PLAETLET COUNT  IS 21 000 AND IGM POSITIVE  DIAGNOSED AS DENGUE 

then in night he came to the casuaity

fever since 10 days ,cough ,shortness of breath since 3 days fever is low grade assosiated with chills and rigours subsided with medication

cough is insidious and dry cough ,increased on lying down

sob since 3 days progressed form garde I to III

HE IS A CHRONIC ALCHOLIC SINCE 20 YR HE WILL DRINK 1 QUATER TO FULL IN EVER DAY

 x ray 
                                          
                                           
 
CASE BLOG LINK :
 




Evidence of some of the procedures learnt and performed:-

Some procedures that I have performed during my posting 
 
*Ascitic tap-  

*Abg samples taken -7 
        
  
                            

*Ryle's tube insertion

*CPR done.

*During dialysis , monitored vitals and learnt about the procedure.

Central line(Internal jugular vein, femoral):--10
  






 

 


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